脚本写的好,下班下得早!程序员的日常工作除了编写程序代码,还不可避免地需要处理相关的测试和验证工作。

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例如,访问某个网站一直不通,需要确定此地址是否可访问,服务器返回什么,进而确定问题在于什么。完成这个任务,如果一味希望采用编译型语言来编写这样的代码,实践中的时间和精力是不够的,这个时候就需要发挥脚本的神奇作用!
好不夸张的说,能否写出高效实用的脚本代码,直接影响着一个程序员的幸福生活[下班时间]。下面整理 8 个实用的 Python 脚本,需要的时候改改直接用,建议收藏!
1.解决 linux 下 unzip 乱码的问题。
- import os
 - import sys
 - import zipfile
 - import argparse
 - s = '\\x1b[%d;%dm%s\\x1b[0m'
 - def unzip(path):
 - file = zipfile.ZipFile(path,"r")
 - if args.secret:
 - file.setpassword(args.secret)
 - for name in file.namelist():
 - try:
 - utf8name=name.decode('gbk')
 - pathname = os.path.dirname(utf8name)
 - except:
 - utf8name=name
 - pathname = os.path.dirname(utf8name)
 - #print s % (1, 92, ' >> extracting:'), utf8name
 - #pathname = os.path.dirname(utf8name)
 - if not os.path.exists(pathname) and pathname != "":
 - os.makedirs(pathname)
 - data = file.read(name)
 - if not os.path.exists(utf8name):
 - try:
 - fo = open(utf8name, "w")
 - fo.write(data)
 - fo.close
 - except:
 - pass
 - file.close()
 - def main(argv):
 - ######################################################
 - # for argparse
 - p = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='解决unzip乱码')
 - p.add_argument('xxx', type=str, nargs='*', \
 - help='命令对象.')
 - p.add_argument('-s', '--secret', action='store', \
 - default=None, help='密码')
 - global args
 - args = p.parse_args(argv[1:])
 - xxx = args.xxx
 - for path in xxx:
 - if path.endswith('.zip'):
 - if os.path.exists(path):
 - print s % (1, 97, ' ++ unzip:'), path
 - unzip(path)
 - else:
 - print s % (1, 91, ' !! file doesn\'t exist.'), path
 - else:
 - print s % (1, 91, ' !! file isn\'t a zip file.'), path
 - if __name__ == '__main__':
 - argv = sys.argv
 - main(argv)
 
2.统计当前根目录代码行数。
- # coding=utf-8
 - import os
 - import time
 - # 设定根目录
 - basedir = './'
 - filelists = []
 - # 指定想要统计的文件类型
 - whitelist = ['cpp', 'h']
 - #遍历文件, 递归遍历文件夹中的所有
 - def getFile(basedir):
 - global filelists
 - for parent,dirnames,filenames in os.walk(basedir):
 - for filename in filenames:
 - ext = filename.split('.')[-1]
 - #只统计指定的文件类型,略过一些log和cache文件
 - if ext in whitelist:
 - filelists.append(os.path.join(parent,filename))
 - #统计一个的行数
 - def countLine(fname):
 - count = 0
 - # 把文件做二进制看待,read.
 - for file_line in open(fname, 'rb').readlines():
 - if file_line != '' and file_line != '\n': #过滤掉空行
 - count += 1
 - print (fname + '----' , count)
 - return count
 - if __name__ == '__main__' :
 - startTime = time.clock()
 - getFile(basedir)
 - totalline = 0
 - for filelist in filelists:
 - totalline = totalline + countLine(filelist)
 - print ('total lines:',totalline)
 - print ('Done! Cost Time: %0.2f second' % (time.clock() - startTime))
 
3.扫描当前目录和所有子目录并显示大小。
- import os
 - import sys
 - try:
 - directory = sys.argv[1]
 - except IndexError:
 - sys.exit("Must provide an argument.")
 - dir_size = 0
 - fsizedicr = {'Bytes': 1,
 - 'Kilobytes': float(1) / 1024,
 - 'Megabytes': float(1) / (1024 * 1024),
 - 'Gigabytes': float(1) / (1024 * 1024 * 1024)}
 - for (path, dirs, files) in os.walk(directory):
 - for file in files:
 - filename = os.path.join(path, file)
 - dir_size += os.path.getsize(filename)
 - fsizeList = [str(round(fsizedicr[key] * dir_size, 2)) + " " + key for key in fsizedicr]
 - if dir_size == 0: print ("File Empty")
 - else:
 - for units in sorted(fsizeList)[::-1]:
 - print ("Folder Size: " + units)
 
4.将源目录240天以上的所有文件移动到目标目录。
- import shutil
 - import sys
 - import time
 - import os
 - import argparse
 - usage = 'python move_files_over_x_days.py -src [SRC] -dst [DST] -days [DAYS]'
 - description = 'Move files from src to dst if they are older than a certain number of days. Default is 240 days'
 - args_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(usage=usage, description=description)
 - args_parser.add_argument('-src', '--src', type=str, nargs='?', default='.', help='(OPTIONAL) Directory where files will be moved from. Defaults to current directory')
 - args_parser.add_argument('-dst', '--dst', type=str, nargs='?', required=True, help='(REQUIRED) Directory where files will be moved to.')
 - args_parser.add_argument('-days', '--days', type=int, nargs='?', default=240, help='(OPTIONAL) Days value specifies the minimum age of files to be moved. Default is 240.')
 - args = args_parser.parse_args()
 - if args.days < 0:
 - args.days = 0
 - src = args.src # 设置源目录
 - dst = args.dst # 设置目标目录
 - days = args.days # 设置天数
 - now = time.time() # 获得当前时间
 - if not os.path.exists(dst):
 - os.mkdir(dst)
 - for f in os.listdir(src): # 遍历源目录所有文件
 - if os.stat(f).st_mtime < now - days * 86400: # 判断是否超过240天
 - if os.path.isfile(f): # 检查是否是文件
 - shutil.move(f, dst) # 移动文件
 
5.扫描脚本目录,并给出不同类型脚本的计数。
- import os
 - import shutil
 - from time import strftime
 - logsdir="c:\logs\puttylogs"
 - zipdir="c:\logs\puttylogs\zipped_logs"
 - zip_program="zip.exe"
 - for files in os.listdir(logsdir):
 - if files.endswith(".log"):
 - files1=files+"."+strftime("%Y-%m-%d")+".zip"
 - os.chdir(logsdir)
 - os.system(zip_program + " " + files1 +" "+ files)
 - shutil.move(files1, zipdir)
 - os.remove(files)
 
6.下载Leetcode的算法题。
- import sys
 - import re
 - import os
 - import argparse
 - import requests
 - from lxml import html as lxml_html
 - try:
 - import html
 - except ImportError:
 - import HTMLParser
 - html = HTMLParser.HTMLParser()
 - try:
 - import cPickle as pk
 - except ImportError:
 - import pickle as pk
 - class LeetcodeProblems(object):
 - def get_problems_info(self):
 - leetcode_url = 'https://leetcode.com/problemset/algorithms'
 - res = requests.get(leetcode_url)
 - if not res.ok:
 - print('request error')
 - sys.exit()
 - cm = res.text
 - cmt = cm.split('tbody>')[-2]
 - indexs = re.findall(r'
 (\d+) ', cmt)- problem_urls = ['https://leetcode.com' + url \
 - for url in re.findall(
 - r'
 - levels = re.findall(r"
 (.+?) ", cmt)- tinfos = zip(indexs, levels, problem_urls)
 - assert (len(indexs) == len(problem_urls) == len(levels))
 - infos = []
 - for info in tinfos:
 - res = requests.get(info[-1])
 - if not res.ok:
 - print('request error')
 - sys.exit()
 - tree = lxml_html.fromstring(res.text)
 - title = tree.xpath('//meta[@property="og:title"]/@content')[0]
 - description = tree.xpath('//meta[@property="description"]/@content')
 - if not description:
 - description = tree.xpath('//meta[@property="og:description"]/@content')[0]
 - else:
 - description = description[0]
 - description = html.unescape(description.strip())
 - tags = tree.xpath('//div[@id="tags"]/following::a[@class="btn btn-xs btn-primary"]/text()')
 - infos.append(
 - {
 - 'title': title,
 - 'level': info[1],
 - 'index': int(info[0]),
 - 'description': description,
 - 'tags': tags
 - }
 - )
 - with open('leecode_problems.pk', 'wb') as g:
 - pk.dump(infos, g)
 - return infos
 - def to_text(self, pm_infos):
 - if self.args.index:
 - key = 'index'
 - elif self.args.title:
 - key = 'title'
 - elif self.args.tag:
 - key = 'tags'
 - elif self.args.level:
 - key = 'level'
 - else:
 - key = 'index'
 - infos = sorted(pm_infos, key=lambda i: i[key])
 - text_template = '## {index} - {title}\n' \
 - '~{level}~ {tags}\n' \
 - '{description}\n' + '\n' * self.args.line
 - text = ''
 - for info in infos:
 - if self.args.rm_blank:
 - info['description'] = re.sub(r'[\n\r]+', r'\n', info['description'])
 - text += text_template.format(**info)
 - with open('leecode problems.txt', 'w') as g:
 - g.write(text)
 - def run(self):
 - if os.path.exists('leecode_problems.pk') and not self.args.redownload:
 - with open('leecode_problems.pk', 'rb') as f:
 - pm_infos = pk.load(f)
 - else:
 - pm_infos = self.get_problems_info()
 - print('find %s problems.' % len(pm_infos))
 - self.to_text(pm_infos)
 - def handle_args(argv):
 - p = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='extract all leecode problems to location')
 - p.add_argument('--index', action='store_true', help='sort by index')
 - p.add_argument('--level', action='store_true', help='sort by level')
 - p.add_argument('--tag', action='store_true', help='sort by tag')
 - p.add_argument('--title', action='store_true', help='sort by title')
 - p.add_argument('--rm_blank', action='store_true', help='remove blank')
 - p.add_argument('--line', action='store', type=int, default=10, help='blank of two problems')
 - p.add_argument('-r', '--redownload', action='store_true', help='redownload data')
 - args = p.parse_args(argv[1:])
 - return args
 - def main(argv):
 - args = handle_args(argv)
 - x = LeetcodeProblems()
 - x.args = args
 - x.run()
 - if __name__ == '__main__':
 - argv = sys.argv
 - main(argv)
 
7.将 Markdown 转换为 HTML。
- import sys
 - import os
 - from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
 - import markdown
 - class MarkdownToHtml:
 - headTag = ''
 - def __init__(self,cssFilePath = None):
 - if cssFilePath != None:
 - self.genStyle(cssFilePath)
 - def genStyle(self,cssFilePath):
 - with open(cssFilePath,'r') as f:
 - cssString = f.read()
 - self.headTag = self.headTag[:-7] + ''.format(cssString) + self.headTag[-7:]
 - def markdownToHtml(self, sourceFilePath, destinationDirectory = None, outputFileName = None):
 - if not destinationDirectory:
 - # 未定义输出目录则将源文件目录(注意要转换为绝对路径)作为输出目录
 - destinationDirectory = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(sourceFilePath))
 - if not outputFileName:
 - # 未定义输出文件名则沿用输入文件名
 - outputFileName = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(sourceFilePath))[0] + '.html'
 - if destinationDirectory[-1] != '/':
 - destinationDirectory += '/'
 - with open(sourceFilePath,'r', encoding='utf8') as f:
 - markdownText = f.read()
 - # 编译出原始 HTML 文本
 - rawHtml = self.headTag + markdown.markdown(markdownText,output_format='html5')
 - # 格式化 HTML 文本为可读性更强的格式
 - beautifyHtml = BeautifulSoup(rawHtml,'html5lib').prettify()
 - with open(destinationDirectory + outputFileName, 'w', encoding='utf8') as f:
 - f.write(beautifyHtml)
 - if __name__ == "__main__":
 - mth = MarkdownToHtml()
 - # 做一个命令行参数列表的浅拷贝,不包含脚本文件名
 - argv = sys.argv[1:]
 - # 目前列表 argv 可能包含源文件路径之外的元素(即选项信息)
 - # 程序最后遍历列表 argv 进行编译 markdown 时,列表中的元素必须全部是源文件路径
 - outputDirectory = None
 - if '-s' in argv:
 - cssArgIndex = argv.index('-s') +1
 - cssFilePath = argv[cssArgIndex]
 - # 检测样式表文件路径是否有效
 - if not os.path.isfile(cssFilePath):
 - print('Invalid Path: '+cssFilePath)
 - sys.exit()
 - mth.genStyle(cssFilePath)
 - # pop 顺序不能随意变化
 - argv.pop(cssArgIndex)
 - argv.pop(cssArgIndex-1)
 - if '-o' in argv:
 - dirArgIndex = argv.index('-o') +1
 - outputDirectory = argv[dirArgIndex]
 - # 检测输出目录是否有效
 - if not os.path.isdir(outputDirectory):
 - print('Invalid Directory: ' + outputDirectory)
 - sys.exit()
 - # pop 顺序不能随意变化
 - argv.pop(dirArgIndex)
 - argv.pop(dirArgIndex-1)
 - # 至此,列表 argv 中的元素均是源文件路径
 - # 遍历所有源文件路径
 - for filePath in argv:
 - # 判断文件路径是否有效
 - if os.path.isfile(filePath):
 - mth.markdownToHtml(filePath, outputDirectory)
 - else:
 - print('Invalid Path: ' + filePath)
 
8.文本文件编码检测与转换。
- import sys
 - import os
 - import argparse
 - from chardet.universaldetector import UniversalDetector
 - parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description = '文本文件编码检测与转换')
 - parser.add_argument('filePaths', nargs = '+',
 - help = '检测或转换的文件路径')
 - parser.add_argument('-e', '--encoding', nargs = '?', const = 'UTF-8',
 - help = '''
 - 目标编码。支持的编码有:
 - ASCII, (Default) UTF-8 (with or without a BOM), UTF-16 (with a BOM),
 - UTF-32 (with a BOM), Big5, GB2312/GB18030, EUC-TW, HZ-GB-2312, ISO-2022-CN, EUC-JP, SHIFT_JIS, ISO-2022-JP,
 - ISO-2022-KR, KOI8-R, MacCyrillic, IBM855, IBM866, ISO-8859-5, windows-1251, ISO-8859-2, windows-1250, EUC-KR,
 - ISO-8859-5, windows-1251, ISO-8859-1, windows-1252, ISO-8859-7, windows-1253, ISO-8859-8, windows-1255, TIS-620
 - ''')
 - parser.add_argument('-o', '--output',
 - help = '输出目录')
 - # 解析参数,得到一个 Namespace 对象
 - args = parser.parse_args()
 - # 输出目录不为空即视为开启转换, 若未指定转换编码,则默认为 UTF-8
 - if args.output != None:
 - if not args.encoding:
 - # 默认使用编码 UTF-8
 - args.encoding = 'UTF-8'
 - # 检测用户提供的输出目录是否有效
 - if not os.path.isdir(args.output):
 - print('Invalid Directory: ' + args.output)
 - sys.exit()
 - else:
 - if args.output[-1] != '/':
 - args.output += '/'
 - # 实例化一个通用检测器
 - detector = UniversalDetector()
 - print()
 - print('Encoding (Confidence)',':','File path')
 - for filePath in args.filePaths:
 - # 检测文件路径是否有效,无效则跳过
 - if not os.path.isfile(filePath):
 - print('Invalid Path: ' + filePath)
 - continue
 - # 重置检测器
 - detector.reset()
 - # 以二进制模式读取文件
 - for each in open(filePath, 'rb'):
 - # 检测器读取数据
 - detector.feed(each)
 - # 若检测完成则跳出循环
 - if detector.done:
 - break
 - # 关闭检测器
 - detector.close()
 - # 读取结果
 - charEncoding = detector.result['encoding']
 - confidence = detector.result['confidence']
 - # 打印信息
 - if charEncoding is None:
 - charEncoding = 'Unknown'
 - confidence = 0.99
 - print('{} {:>12} : {}'.format(charEncoding.rjust(8),
 - '('+str(confidence*100)+'%)', filePath))
 - if args.encoding and charEncoding != 'Unknown' and confidence > 0.6:
 - # 若未设置输出目录则覆盖源文件
 - outputPath = args.output + os.path.basename(filePath) if args.output else filePath
 - with open(filePath, 'r', encoding = charEncoding, errors = 'replace') as f:
 - temp = f.read()
 - with open(outputPath, 'w', encoding = args.encoding, errors = 'replace') as f:
 - f.write(temp)
 
最后两个脚本内容选至实验楼的课程《使用 Python3 编写系列实用脚本》,课程对这两个脚本有详细的实现过程讲解,感兴趣的同学可以直接前往实验楼进行学习!
                新闻名称:8个Python实用脚本,收藏备用
                
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