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这篇文章主要介绍SpringMvc/SpringBoot如何实现HTTP通信加解密，文中介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完！
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近来很多人问到下面的问题
我们不想在每个Controller方法收到字符串报文后再调用一次解密，虽然可以完成，但是很low，且如果想不再使用加解密，修改起来很是麻烦。
我们想在使用Rest工具或swagger请求的时候不进行加解密，而在app调用的时候处理加解密，这可如何操作。
针对以上的问题，下面直接给出解决方案：
实现思路
APP调用API的时候，如果需要加解密的接口，需要在httpHeader中给出加密方式，如header[encodeMethod]。
Rest工具或swagger请求的时候无需指定此header。
后端API收到request后，判断header中的encodeMethod字段，如果有值，则认为是需要解密，否则就认为是明文。
约定
为了精简分享技术，先约定只处理POST上传JSON(application/json)数据的加解密处理。
请求解密实现方式
1. 先定义controller
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/api/demo")
public class MyDemoController {
@RequestDecode
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping(value = "user", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public ResponseDto addUser(
@RequestBody User user
) throws Exception {
//TODO ...
}
}/**
* 解密请求数据
*/
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface RequestDecode {
SecurityMethod method() default SecurityMethod.NULL;
}可以看到这里的Controller定义的很普通，只有一个额外的自定义注解RequestDecode，这个注解是为了下面的RequestBodyAdvice的使用。
2. 建设自己的RequestBodyAdvice
有了上面的入口定义，接下来处理解密这件事，目的很明确：
1. 是否需要解密判断httpHeader中的encodeMethod字段。
2. 在进入controller之前就解密完成，是controller处理逻辑无感知。
DecodeRequestBodyAdvice.java
@Slf4j
@Component
@ControllerAdvice(basePackages = "com.xxx.hr.api.controller")
public class DecodeRequestBodyAdvice implements RequestBodyAdvice {
@Value("${hrapi.aesKey}")
String aesKey;
@Value("${hrapi.googleKey}")
String googleKey;
@Override
public boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Type targetType, Class> converterType) {
return methodParameter.getMethodAnnotation(RequestDecode.class) != null
&& methodParameter.getParameterAnnotation(RequestBody.class) != null;
}
@Override
public Object handleEmptyBody(Object body, HttpInputMessage request, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class> converterType) {
return body;
}
@Override
public HttpInputMessage beforeBodyRead(HttpInputMessage request, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class> converterType) throws IOException {
RequestDecode requestDecode = parameter.getMethodAnnotation(RequestDecode.class);
if (requestDecode == null) {
return request;//controller方法不要求加解密
}
String appId = request.getHeaders().getFirst(com.xxx.hr.bean.constant.HttpHeaders.APP_ID);//这里是扩展，可以知道来源方（如开放平台使用）
String encodeMethod = request.getHeaders().getFirst(com.xxx.hr.bean.constant.HttpHeaders.ENCODE_METHOD);
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(encodeMethod)) {
return request;
}
SecurityMethod encodeMethodEnum = SecurityMethod.getByCode(encodeMethod);
//这里灵活的可以支持到多种加解密方式
switch (encodeMethodEnum) {
case NULL:
break;
case AES: {
InputStream is = request.getBody();
ByteBuf buf = PooledByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT.heapBuffer();
int ret = -1;
int len = 0;
while((ret = is.read()) > 0) {
buf.writeByte(ret);
len ++;
}
String body = buf.toString(0, len, xxxSecurity.DEFAULT_CHARSET);
buf.release();
String temp = null;
try {
temp = XxxSecurity.aesDecodeData(body, aesKey, googleKey, new CheckCallBack() {
@Override
public boolean isRight(String data) {
return data != null && (data.startsWith("{") || data.startsWith("["));
}
});
log.info("解密完成: {}", temp);
return new DecodedHttpInputMessage(request.getHeaders(), new ByteArrayInputStream(temp.getBytes("UTF-8")));
} catch (DecodeException e) {
log.warn("解密失败 appId: {}, Name:{} 待解密密文: {}", appId, partnerName, body, e);
throw e;
}
}
}
return request;
}
@Override
public Object afterBodyRead(Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class> converterType) {
return body;
}
static class DecodedHttpInputMessage implements HttpInputMessage {
HttpHeaders headers;
InputStream body;
public DecodedHttpInputMessage(HttpHeaders headers, InputStream body) {
this.headers = headers;
this.body = body;
}
@Override
public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {
return body;
}
@Override
public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
return headers;
}
}
}至此加解密完成了。
————————-华丽分割线 —————————–
响应加密
下面附件一下响应加密过程，目的
1. Controller逻辑代码无感知
2. 可以一键开关响应加密
定义Controller
@ResponseEncode @ResponseBody @RequestMapping(value = "employee", method = RequestMethod.GET) public ResponseDtouserEEInfo( @ApiParam("用户编号") @RequestParam(HttpHeaders.APPID) Long userId ) { //TODO ... }
/**
* 加密响应数据
*/
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface ResponseEncode {
SecurityMethod method() default SecurityMethod.NULL;
}这里的Controller定义的也很普通，只有一个额外的自定义注解ResponseEncode，这个注解是为了下面的ResponseBodyAdvice的使用。
建设自己的ResponseBodyAdvice
这里约定将响应的DTO序列化为JSON格式数据，然后再加密，最后在响应给请求方。
@Slf4j
@Component
@ControllerAdvice(basePackages = "com.xxx.hr.api.controller")
public class EncodeResponseBodyAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice {
@Autowired
PartnerService partnerService;
@Override
public boolean supports(MethodParameter returnType, Class converterType) {
return returnType.getMethodAnnotation(ResponseEncode.class) != null;
}
@Override
public Object beforeBodyWrite(Object body, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType, Class selectedConverterType, ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response) {
ResponseEncode responseEncode = returnType.getMethodAnnotation(ResponseEncode.class);
String uid = request.getHeaders().getFirst(HttpHeaders.PARTNER_UID);
if (uid == null) {
uid = request.getHeaders().getFirst(HttpHeaders.APP_ID);
}
PartnerConfig config = partnerService.getConfigByAppId(uid);
if (responseEncode.method() == SecurityMethod.NULL || responseEncode.method() == SecurityMethod.AES) {
if (config == null) {
return ResponseDto.rsFail(ResponseCode.E_403, "商户不存在");
}
String temp = JSON.toJSONString(body);
log.debug("待加密数据: {}", temp);
String encodedBody = XxxSecurity.aesEncodeData(temp, config.getEncryptionKey(), config.getGoogleKey());
log.debug("加密完成: {}", encodedBody);
response.getHeaders().set(HttpHeaders.ENCODE_METHOD, HttpHeaders.VALUE.AES);
response.getHeaders().set(HttpHeaders.HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE, HttpHeaders.VALUE.APPLICATION_BASE64_JSON_UTF8);
response.getHeaders().remove(HttpHeaders.SIGN_METHOD);
return encodedBody;
}
return body;
}
}拓展
由上面的实现，如何实现RSA验证签名呢？这个就简单了，请看分解。
目的还是很简单，进来减少对业务逻辑的入侵。
首先设定一下那些请求需要验证签名
@RequestSign @ResponseEncode @ResponseBody @RequestMapping(value = "employee", method = RequestMethod.GET) public ResponseDtouserEEInfo( @RequestParam(HttpHeaders.UID) String uid ) { //TODO ... }
这里还是使用一个注解RequestSign，然后再实现一个SignInterceptor即可完成：
@Slf4j
@Component
public class SignInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Autowired
PartnerService partnerService;
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
HandlerMethod method = (HandlerMethod) handler;
RequestSign requestSign = method.getMethodAnnotation(RequestSign.class);
if (requestSign == null) {
return true;
}
String appId = request.getHeader(HttpHeaders.APP_ID);
ValidateUtils.notTrimEmptyParam(appId, "Header[appId]");
PartnerConfig config = partnerService.getConfigByAppId(appId);
ValidateUtils.notNull(config, Code.E_400, "商戶不存在");
String partnerName = partnerService.getPartnerName(appId);
String sign = request.getParameter(HttpHeaders.SIGN);
String signMethod = request.getParameter(HttpHeaders.SIGN_METHOD);
signMethod = (signMethod == null) ? "RSA" : signMethod;
Map parameters = request.getParameterMap();
ValidateUtils.notTrimEmptyParam(sign, "sign");
if ("RSA".equals(signMethod)) {
sign = sign.replaceAll(" ", "+");
boolean isOK = xxxxSecurity.signVerifyRequest(parameters, config.getRsaPublicKey(), sign, config.getSecurity());
if (isOK) {
log.info("验证商户签名通过 {}[{}] ", appId, partnerName);
return true;
} else {
log.warn("验证商户签名失败 {}[{}] ", appId, partnerName);
}
} else {
throw new SignVerifyException("暂不支持该签名");
}
throw new SignVerifyException("签名校验失败");
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
}
} 各个枚举定义：
//加解密、签名算法枚举
public enum SecurityMethod {
NULL,
AES,
RSA,
DES,
DES3,
SHA1,
MD5
;
}注解定义：
/**
* 请求数据数据需要解密
*/
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface RequestDecode {
SecurityMethod method() default SecurityMethod.NULL;
}
/**
* 请求数据需要验签
*/
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
public @interface RequestSign {
SecurityMethod method() default SecurityMethod.RSA;
}
/**
* 数据响应需要加密
*/
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface ResponseEncode {
SecurityMethod method() default SecurityMethod.NULL;
}
/**
* 响应数据需要生成签名
*/
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
public @interface ResponseSign {
SecurityMethod method() default SecurityMethod.NULL;
}aesDecodeData
/**
* AES 解密数据
*
* @param data 待解密数据
* @param aesKey AES 密钥(BASE64)
* @param googleAuthKey GoogleAuthKey(BASE64)
* @param originDataSign 原始数据md5签名
* @return
*/
public static String aesDecodeDataEx(String data, String aesKey, String googleAuthKey, String originDataSign) {
return aesDecodeData(data, aesKey, googleAuthKey, System.currentTimeMillis(), null, originDataSign);
}
public static String aesDecodeData(String data, String aesKey, String googleAuthKey, long tm, CheckCallBack checkCallBack, String originDataSign) {
DecodeException lastError = null;
long timeWindow = googleAuth.getTimeWindowFromTime(tm);
int window = googleAuth.getConfig().getWindowSize();
for (int i = -((window - 1) / 2); i <= window / 2; ++i) {
String googleCode = googleAuth.calculateCode16(Base64.decodeBase64(googleAuthKey), timeWindow + i);
log.debug((timeWindow + i) + " googleCode: " + googleCode);
byte[] code = googleCode.getBytes(DEFAULT_CHARSET);
byte[] iv = new byte[16];
System.arraycopy(code, 0, iv, 0, code.length);
try {
String newKey = convertKey(aesKey, iv);
String decodedData = AES.decode(data, newKey, Base64.encodeBase64String(iv));
if (checkCallBack != null && !checkCallBack.isRight(decodedData)) {
continue;
}
if (originDataSign != null) {
String sign = DigestUtils.md5Hex(decodedData);
if (!sign.equalsIgnoreCase(originDataSign)) {
continue;
}
}
return decodedData;
} catch (DecodeException e) {
lastError = e;
}
}
if (lastError == null) {
lastError = new DecodeException("Decode Failed, Error Password!");
}
throw lastError;
}signVerifyRequest